Cordon Pricing Considering Air Pollutants Emission

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants

Development of a Model for a Cordon Pricing Scheme Considering Environmental Equity: A Case Study of Tehran

Congestion pricing strategy has been recognized as an effective countermeasure in the practical field of urban traffic congestion mitigation. Despite the positive effects of congestion pricing, its implementation has faced problems. This paper investigates the issue of environmental equity in cordon pricing and a park-and-ride scheme. Although pollution decreases inside the cordon by implementa...

Criteria air pollutants and toxic air pollutants.

This review presents a brief overview of the health effects and exposures of two criteria pollutants--ozone and particulate matter--and two toxic air pollutants--benzene and formaldehyde. These pollutants were selected from the six criteria pollutants and from the 189 toxic air pollutants on the basis of their prevalence in the United States, their physicochemical behavior, and the magnitude of...

Emission Rates of Air Pollutants Exhausted from Railroad Diesel Engines

It is widely known that the railroad diesel locomotive engines emit significant amount of air pollutants. However, these engines are not equipped with any air pollutants reducing devices in Korea, resulting in the accumulative air pollution near the railroad. Because the pollutants emission from driving locomotive engines cannot be measured directly, the emission factors based on the amount of ...

Cordon pricing consistent with the physics of overcrowding

This paper describes the modeling of recurring congestion in a network. It is shown that the standard economic models of marginal cost cannot describe precisely traffic congestion in networks during time-dependent conditions. Following a macroscopic traffic approach, we describe the equilibrium solution for a congested network in the no-toll case. A dynamic model of cordon-based congestion pric...